Application of sodium humate in aquaculture,Sodium humate is generally obtained by extraction of weathered coal slurry through a sodium hydroxide solution. Non-toxic, odorless, non-corrosive, soluble in water. Medically used to stop bleeding and diarrhea. Its molecular structure is complex and has many functional groups.

In addition, it is a polymer organic compound, which has strong adsorption, exchange, and comprehensive capabilities, and is widely used in industry. In agricultural aquaculture, the so-called feed additives, synergists, environmental modifiers, etc. can be changed.

The content of sodium humate dry base in sodium humate is generally more than 75%, which is a good veterinary drug and feed additive for producing green milk and egg food.

Water and water purification

Utilizing the comprehensive adsorption characteristics of sodium humate, it can assist in the treatment of turbidity, pan-bottom, dead algae, oil film, foam and other water quality conditions.

Application of sodium humate in fish production

Sodium humate can improve the utilization rate of aquatic animal feed, promote animal growth, enhance the body’s resistance, reduce morbidity and mortality, especially for improving the anti-stress ability of fish overwintering and long-distance transportation.

Tests have shown that there are many uses of sodium humate, which can be used to soak fish species or to be added to bait. Chang Shun (2002) reported that in the process of transporting live fish, the use of 0.002% sodium humate in the transport water body can purify the water and improve the transport survival rate.

Simple and easy to use, the effect is very good. At the same time, it also plays the role of the medicated bath fish body, and does not produce any poisonous or side effects on the fish; using it to feed the fish for a long time can reduce the feed coefficient by 8% to 12% and increase the yield by 10% to 15%.

The product fish is strong, the epidermis is rich in mucus, and the meat tastes delicious like a river fish. In a sense, it is also a green food.

The Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Bureau of Haidian District of Beijing tried to use a 0.1% to 0.3% sodium humate solution to soak the fish species injured in 2000 shipments for 30 minutes. After 7 to 10 days, the wounds healed and all the fish species survived.

In 2000 injured fish species that were not treated with sodium humate, the wound recovered slowly and 150 deaths occurred within a week.

The sodium humate is formulated into a disinfectant solution of 300×10-6~400×10-6, and the fish species are soaked for 5 minutes, which has special preventive effects on common diseases such as water mold and enteritis. In the use of fish feed, the feed conversion rate can be increased by 8% to 13%, the winter mortality rate is reduced by more than 10%, and the long-distance transport mortality rate is significantly reduced.

1.Humic acid combined with chemical fertilizer and inorganic water-soluble fertilizer can reduce the conventional dosage of chemical fertilizer and inorganic water-soluble fertilizer by 10%~20%.

2.The source of humic acid encountered calcium and magnesium ions in the water will rarely produce flocculent precipitation, in order to prevent blockage of drip irrigation holes, in drip irrigation humic acid fertilizer, we should minimize the drip irrigation time, to achieve a small number of times, while ensuring adequate dilution.

3, humic acid is black or dark brown, if the concentration is too high or the degree of atomization is poor when spraying, the water will often leave black spots on the fruit surface and leaf surface after evaporation. If this is the case during picking, rinse with water.

4.Humic acid combined with chemical fertilizer and inorganic water-soluble fertilizer can reduce the conventional dosage of chemical fertilizer and inorganic water-soluble fertilizer by 10%~20%.

5. the source of humic acid encountered calcium and magnesium ions in the water will rarely produce flocculent precipitation, in order to prevent blockage of drip irrigation holes, in drip irrigation humic acid fertilizer, we should minimize the drip irrigation time, to achieve a small number of times, while ensuring adequate dilution.

6. humic acid is black or dark brown, if the concentration is too high or the degree of atomization is poor when spraying, the water will often leave black spots on the fruit surface and leaf surface after evaporation. If this is the case during picking, rinse with water.

According to the Ministry of Agriculture’s “Standards for Hydrolyzed Fertilizers Containing Humic Acid”, the humic acid raw material must be a mineral source humic acid.

Humic Acid (HA) is a plant and animal remains, mainly plant remains, through the decomposition and transformation of microorganisms, and a series of complex geochemical reactions and accumulated organic substances. It is a high molecular organic acid composed of aromatic and its various functional groups, and has good physiological activity and functions of absorption, complexation and exchange. The main elemental composition of humic acid is carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and is a polycondensate of a polyvalent phenolic aromatic compound and a nitrogen compound.

The fulvic acid is extracted from natural humus and is a group of substances which are soluble in alkali, acid and water and have a small molecular weight and a dilute solution which is yellow or brownish yellow. It is a reddish brown powdery substance that is soluble in water. Fulvic acid is the best core component of soil humus. It is a small molecular weight, fully water-soluble organic aromatic substance which is decomposed and decomposed by organic matter. It is the best humic acid component in soil and the core material for the formation of soil aggregate structure. .

Humic acid is used in agriculture as a nutrient soil additive, rooting and strong root fertilizer additive, soil conditioner, plant growth regulator, foliar fertilizer compound, cold resistance agent, drought resistance agent, compound fertilizer synergist, etc., with nitrogen, The humic acid fertilizer made by combining elements such as phosphorus and potassium has the functions of increasing fertilizer efficiency, improving soil, stimulating crop growth, and improving the quality of agricultural products. Magnesium humate, zinc humate and humic acid urea iron have good effects in supplementing soil magnesium deficiency, corn zinc deficiency and fruit tree iron deficiency; humic acid, herbicide ether, atrazine and other pesticides can be mixed to improve the efficacy. Inhibition of residual toxicity; sodium humate is effective in treating apple tree rot.

Fulvic acid is a broad-spectrum plant growth regulator that promotes plant growth and plays an important role in combating drought. It can improve plant resilience, increase yield and improve quality. The main application objects are wheat, corn, sweet potato, millet, rice, cotton, peanut, rape, tobacco, sericulture, melon and fruit, and vegetables.

Humic acid is the most vital element of organic matter in the soil and is the “brain gold” of the soil. Humic acid has a range of properties, such as CEC, oxygen content, and the ability to retain moisture. The most important thing is that humic acid can be combined with metal cations, oxygen, and hydrates to slowly accumulate and release them for use in crops.

The fulvic acid contains a large number of functional groups, which act on the soil particles to form agglomerates of different sizes and stable structure. After the soil is applied with fulvic acid, its surface activity can adsorb and exchange the applied fertilizer, and also transform the solidified part of the soil into a crop that can not be absorbed by the crop and can be absorbed and utilized, thereby improving nutrient utilization. . In the soil where fulvic acid forms agglomerate structure, the activity of microorganisms is strong, the biological activity is high, the nutrient supply is sufficient, and the preservation and supply of soil nutrients can be well coordinated, thereby improving soil fertility.

The “five major effects” of humic acid in agriculture (improving soil, enhancing fertilizer, stimulating growth, enhancing stress resistance and improving quality) have been guiding the application and progress of humic acid in agriculture.

Fulvic acid is a humic acid product with a wide range of uses and high economic benefits. It still has a large market and competitive advantage in plant growth agents, anti-reverse agents, fluid fertilizers, pharmaceutical preparations and cosmetics. The “four-drug function” of fulvic acid in agriculture (drought-resistant agents, growth regulators, pesticide slow-release synergists and chemical element complexing agents) is a classic, and it is unique as a drought-resistant agent.

Nowadays, most of the fertilizers on the market will be mentioned in the sales promotion. Our products contain humic acid, how good the humic acid is, as a selling point and increase the price! This situation is common in both compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer! But farmers’ friends don’t know that humic acid is a trick! What is the specific role!

So what is humic acid? What is the use of humic acid?

Humic acid is a mixture of natural organic macromolecular compounds. Widely existed in nature, the proportion of humic acid in soil is the largest. The concept of humic acid in the broad sense is: animal and plant remains, mainly plant remains, which are caused by the decomposition and transformation of microorganisms and a series of geochemical processes. a class of organic matter. This is the basic definition of humic acid.

The above organic matter in soil organic matter is generally humic acid. In humus, humic acid is the main body and its salt combined with metal ions. Humic acid is the most active and effective part of organic matter.
The most direct effect of humic acid:
For soil: improve soil structure and adjust soil pH to increase soil buffer capacity.
Biological effects: stimulate crop growth and development. The use of humic acid can enhance the activity of various enzymes in crops, improve the ability of crops to absorb water and nutrients, enhance crop metabolic capacity, accelerate growth and development, early maturity and improve quality.
In addition, from the perspective of agricultural application, humic acid also has strong drought resistance, disease resistance, low temperature resistance and salt resistance.

In the past five years, the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center has carried out demonstration experiments on humic acid fertilizers throughout the country, and the authority has verified the use of humic acid fertilizers in agriculture.

1.“Five major functions”: improving soil, enhancing fertilizer, stimulating growth, enhancing resistance and improving quality.

2. “four doses of function”: drought resistance, growth regulators, pesticide slow release synergists and chemical element complexing agents.

3. “three effects”: low carbonization, ecological, quality.
4. “two high three less”: high fertilizer utilization, high crop yield, less fertilization, less fertilization, less harmful gas emissions.
5. “three doses”: fertilizer synergists, soil conditioners, rhizosphere stimulating growth agents.

Finally, we need to emphasize the relationship between soil organic matter and humic acid: organic matter is not necessarily humic acid, but humic acid must be the best organic matter. The combination of humic acid and chemical fertilizer has natural superior conditions, which can not only raise soil, but also cultivate fertilizer, and is good with crops and environment. In this sense, it is of positive and practical significance to make safe organic matter, especially industrially extracted humic acid organic matter, to optimize fertilizer, improve soil fertility, and ensure safe production of agricultural products.
It can be seen that humic acid has a good contribution to both soil and crops, so the effect of humic acid in fertilizers will be outstanding.

  1. The difference between soil and soil

The soil, covered on the surface of the land, can be used for plant growth if the external conditions such as light, temperature, and precipitation are sufficient. Its parent metal is a rock weathering that is transported and accumulated by water or wind. It is formed under the interaction of climate, biology (including human factors) and topography during a certain period of time. The soil is at the core of the ecosystem. In addition to the terrestrial organisms such as plants, it can decompose the leaves and animal remains and maintain the normal biogeochemical cycle of the elements. Soil is one of the elements that make up the environment along with the atmosphere and water.

Now, the words “earth” and “soil” are generally used separately. In other words, after the weathering of the rock, “soil” is formed; after the rock is weathered into fine particles, if it is in a state suitable for plant growth due to biological action, it is called “soil” and has a clear distinction from “soil”.

  1. Soil generation

Scientists use radioactive elements to determine the age of meteorites, and analyze the lunar rocks brought back by the Apollo program. It is speculated that the earth we live in has been around 4.6 billion years since its birth. It is generally believed that when the earth was first born, the surface of the earth and the surface of the moon did not differ much, but now it has become completely different. This difference is due to the absence of air and water on the moon, so no creatures were born; and the earth was born with a rich variety of creatures.

Since there is no air (vacuum) on the surface of the moon, it is greatly affected by the sun. Intense ultraviolet rays and temperature differences (130°C to 170°C) make the rock weather into particles (powder). Such particles are called dust and are not considered soil.

In contrast, in the earth under the protection of the atmosphere, the temperature difference is very small (40 ° to 40 ° C), and the earth has water, microorganisms can inhabit the weathered rock particles, decompose, condense, polymerize organic matter, form Humus, which forms an environment suitable for biological growth—soil

Difference between soil and soil

  1. From soil to soil

Biological activity is an indispensable factor in the process of changing from soil to soil. The first time there was a creature on earth, about 4 billion years ago; and the first time the soil appeared on Earth, it should be at this time. The soil and the creatures appear together on the land, and the relationship is inseparable until today.

The rock turns into soil, and in addition to physical causes such as collapse, the creature also has the power to turn the rock into soil. It is generally believed that the creature that turns the demonstration into a soil is a moss (lichens) that requires a little nutrients on the rock to grow. We can often see mossy rocks in the mountains or in ancient temples. Below the moss, there is already a thin layer of traces of soil, and it is soil containing clay, microbes and organic matter.

Soil born from rock

When water or depressions on the surface of the rock accumulate water and create an environment with moderate moisture, the moss that can use the sun will begin to invade. As the moss gradually proliferates, the surface of the rock covered with moss gradually turns into soil. At this time, there are various microorganisms that can use inorganic substances or organic substances to proliferate in the soil. Under the action of these microorganisms, the nature of the soil will gradually become an environment suitable for plant growth, that is, “soil”.

When grasses appear on the newly-born soil, the soil will gradually increase due to the roots of the grasses and the action of microorganisms, and become an environment suitable for the growth of shrubs. Then tall trees will appear, and the plant communities will gradually emerge. .

Changes in plant communities on the ground also have a large impact on the environment beneath the ground. The roots of various plants stretch down to secrete organic acids that dissolve rocks; after wilting, in addition to being a source of energy (food) for microorganisms, they can also create fine voids. The action of the roots of the plants promotes the decomposition of rocks and the activation of microorganisms, causing the accumulation of humus and continuing to produce new soils, and even deeper layers of rock gradually become soil layers.

After large plants begin to grow, organic matter such as fallen leaves will bring more supplies to the surface, and a large amount of humus will accumulate, making the soil more fertile.

Soil developed with plants

After a period of time, the nutrients in the soil begin to leaching; after the nutrient is lost, the soil gradually becomes an environment that is not suitable for plant growth, that is, “soil.” As mentioned above, in the hundreds to tens of thousands of years, the soil is repeatedly born and disappeared, disappeared and reborn.

For many years of planting experience, it is necessary to use chemical fertilizers. Most of them use chemical fertilizers or livestock feces at home. However, people around them are increasingly talking about humic acid. What is humic acid? What are the benefits?

what is humic acid

 
Humic acid refers to natural macromolecular organic matter formed by microbial decomposition and transformation and geochemical processes of organic matter such as animal and plant residues. It is extracted from peat, lignite and weathered coal and is an excellent organic matter. It comes from the soil and at the same time benefits the soil. It is worth noting that the organic matter is not necessarily humic acid, but humic acid must be the best organic matter.

The role of humic acid

Humic acid can promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, regulate soil pH, regulate soil water, fertilizer, gas and heat, increase soil exchange capacity, achieve acid-base balance, improve soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, and promote soil microbial activities. The number of aerobic bacteria, actinomycetes, and cellulolytic bacteria increases, accelerates the decomposition and conversion of organic matter, activates the soil, and releases large and medium-sized micronutrients adsorbed by colloids, which is beneficial to the roots of crops.

Humic Acid Structure and function

Humic acid contains a carboxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group and the like, and has strong ion exchange and adsorption ability. It can reduce the loss of ammonium nitrogen and increase the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer. According to statistics, the nitrogen released by urea and carbonamine can be more than 60 days after complexing with humic acid, which can increase the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer by more than 10%.

Inhibits urinary enzyme activity and reduces urea volatilization. Humic acid increases the distance of phosphorus in the soil, inhibits the fixation of water-soluble phosphorus in the soil, and promotes the absorption of phosphorus by roots.

According to statistics, the fertilizer efficiency of phosphate fertilizer can be increased by 5%-10% after the application of humic acid; humic acid The functional group can absorb and store potassium ions, so that the potassium fertilizer can be slowly decomposed, increase the release amount of potassium, increase the content of available potassium, and increase the utilization rate of potassium fertilizer by about 5%.

Humic acid and poorly soluble trace elements can chelate and form humic acid trace element chelate which is well absorbed by crops, which is beneficial to the absorption of trace elements by roots and leaves.
Humic acid contains a variety of active functional genes, which can enhance the activity of catalase and polyphenol oxidase in crops, stimulate physiological metabolism and promote growth and development. For example, humic acid can promote the early germination of seeds, and the emergence rate is high, especially at low temperatures; it can stimulate the division and growth of root meristem cells, so that the seedlings are rooted faster, rooting is more, roots are increased, and roots are elongated. The crops absorb water and have enhanced nutrient capacity.

Therefore, the nutrient supply is sufficient, the crop stems are fast and robust, the foliage is flourishing, the photosynthesis is enhanced, the nutrient is accelerated to the fruiting body, and the fruit is prematurely colored and matured.

Humic acid can reduce the stomata opening strength of plant leaves, reduce leaf transpiration, reduce water consumption, improve the water status of plants, ensure the normal growth and development of crops under drought conditions, and enhance drought resistance.

Humic acid is mostly amphoteric colloid, which has large surface activity and inhibits fungi. It can enhance cold resistance of crops, easily adsorb by cell membrane, change cell membrane permeability, promote absorption of inorganic nutrients, prevent rot disease, root rot, and reduce pests and diseases.

Humic acid can form a chelate with medium and trace elements, increase the amount of trace elements from the roots to the leaves or other parts, regulate the ratio and balance of a large number of elements and medium and trace elements; increase the activity of enzymes, strengthen sugar, starch, The synthesis and operation of protein, fat and various vitamins accelerate the metabolism of various primary products from stems and leaves to fruits and seeds, and promote fruit enlargement and fullness of seeds.

Understand the humic acid, let’s take a look at the fertilizer that has been used for many years.

Chemical fertilizers, as the name suggests, are chemical fertilizers.

In the narrow sense, chemical fertilizers are chemically produced fertilizers. In a broad sense, chemical fertilizers refer to all inorganic fertilizers and slow-acting fertilizers produced industrially. Some people only call nitrogen fertilizers chemical fertilizers. Incomplete fertilizers are the general term for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and compound fertilizers.

Fertilizer characteristics

The characteristics of chemical fertilizers are that they are convenient to use, high in content, fast in fertilizer efficiency, easy to volatilize, fixed, and cause nutrient loss.

Shortcomings of fertilizer

  1. The chemical fertilizer does not contain organic matter and humus. Therefore, a large amount of chemical fertilizer is used. Due to the lack of organic matter and humus, the soil aggregate structure is destroyed, causing soil compaction.
  2. The utilization rate of chemical fertilizer is low. Because nitrogen fertilizer is volatile and lost, the utilization rate is only 30%-50%, and the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer is only 10%-25%. Because phosphate chemical activity is active, most of phosphorus and soil are applied after soil application. The cations such as Zn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe3+, and Al3+ combine to form a poorly soluble phosphate fertilizer. The utilization rate of potassium is only about 50%.
  3. Long-term single use of chemical fertilizers, the organic matter in the soil is not replenished in time, which will cause the soil fertility decline caused by humus consumption, which shows that the crop immunity is reduced, the infection is easy, and the yield is greatly reduced.
     
  4. The use of chemical fertilizers greatly reduces the quality of vegetables and fruits. Because crops need not only NPK, but also many trace elements such as calcium, iron, zinc and selenium, and the general composition of chemical fertilizers is relatively simple, so long-term use of chemical fertilizer will inevitably lead to a single nutrient in the soil, which will easily make the crop malnutrition, thus Leading to the internal transformation and synthesis of crops, it will inevitably lead to the decline of crop quality, the melon is not sweet, and the vegetables are not fragrant.
     
  5. The extensive use of chemical fertilizers, the lack of organic matter will inhibit the microbial growth of soil, leading to a decline in the ability of soil to adjust automatically. It will inevitably lead to the death of a large number of beneficial bacteria and earthworms in the soil.
     
  6. Long-term inefficient application of chemical fertilizers, resulting in excessive accumulation of certain elements in the soil and changes in soil physical and chemical properties and environmental pollution.
  7. Long-term application of chemical fertilizers requires a large amount of chemical pesticides to maintain crop growth due to the reduction of plant immunity, which is likely to cause an increase in harmful substances in food.
     
     
    Scientific research has shown that soil fertility depends to a large extent on the amount of humic acid in the soil. A range of properties of humic acid, such as cation exchange capacity, oxygen content, and ability to retain moisture, are the main reasons why humic acid increases soil fertility and promotes plant growth. Therefore, in agricultural production, humic acid fertilizer is an indispensable helper for crop yield increase.